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| The WonderSwan's display functionality generally consists of: | | The WonderSwan features a 224x144 display capable of displaying up to 16 shades of gray (mono) or 4096 colors (color). |
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| * a 224x144 display clocked at ~75.47 Hz by default, capable of displaying:
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| ** up to sixteen distinct shades of gray
| | ! ↑ Front ↑ |
| ** 12-bit RGB444 color<sup>(color)</sup>
| | ! Window |
| * two 32x32 background layers ("screens"), capable of displaying up to 512 (1024<sup>(color)</sup>) distinct tiles,
| | ! Scroll |
| * a sprite layer, capable of displaying up to 128 8x8 sprites (up to 32 per line),
| | |- |
| * six LCD icons to the bottom or right of the display, usable as additional indicators.
| | | align="center" | Sprites, high priority |
| | | ✔ |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | | align="center" | Screen 2 |
| | | ✔ |
| | | ✔ |
| | |- |
| | | align="center" | Sprites, low priority |
| | | ✔ |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | | align="center" | Screen 1 |
| | | |
| | | ✔ |
| | |- |
| | | align="center" | Background color |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | ! ↑ Back ↑ |
| | ! Window |
| | ! Scroll |
| | |} |
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| == Components == | | == Features == |
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| === Tiles === | | === Screens === |
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| The "mono" WonderSwan can display up to 512 tiles stored in a planar format, with two bits total per pixel.
| | Screens are 32x32 tile maps, for a total of 256x256 pixels; each map entry can use one of 512 (mono) or 1024 (color) tiles, one of sixteen distinct palettes, as well as be drawn mirrored or flipped. The screens can be scrolled horizontally and vertically. |
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| The planes are interleaved with each other; that is, two consecutive bytes form a full 8x1 row of the tile:
| | === Sprites === |
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| <pre>
| | The sprite layer consists of 128 distinct sprites. These can use any of the first 512 tiles, palettes 8 through 15, as well as be drawn over or under screen 2. |
| plane 0 plane 1
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| byte N byte N+1
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| 7 bit 0 7 bit 0 full tile
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| ---- ---- ---- ----
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| .... ...1 .222 22.. .22222.1 | |
| .... ...1 2222 22.. 222222.1
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| .... .... 22.. .... 22......
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| ...1 1... 22.2 2... --\ 22.33...
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| ...1 1... 22.2 2... --/ 22.33...
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| .... .... 22.. .... 22......
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| .... .... .... .... ........
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| 11.. .... .... .... 11......
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| </pre>
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| The WonderSwan Color extends this with an additional 512 tiles (available for screens only, not sprites) and support for three new modes.
| | Each scanline can display up to 32 sprites at a time; these will be the first 32 sprites found on the list for the given scanline. Sprites are then drawn in order from last to first. |
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| * The first new mode is another two bit per pixel mode, but using color palettes instead of monochrome shades.
| | === Windows === |
| | |
| The latter two modes extend tiles to four bits per pixel.
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| * The first among them is the planar mode, which works similarly to the two bit per pixel mode:
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| <pre>
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| plane 0 plane 1 plane 2 plane 3
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| byte N byte N+1 byte N+2 byte N+3
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| 7 bit 0 7 bit 0 7 bit 0 7 bit 0 full rows
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| ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
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| 1.1. 1.1. 22.. 22.. 4444 .... .... .... --\ 7654321.
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| .1.1 .1.1 ..22 ..22 .... 4444 8888 8888 --/ 89ABCDEF
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| </pre>
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| * The second is the chunky mode, which instead stores each plane as consecutive bits, with each byte responsible for two of the eight pixels:
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| <pre>
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| pxl 1,0 pxl 2,3 pxl 5,4 pxl 7,6
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| byte N byte N+1 byte N+2 byte N+3
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| 7 bit 0 7 bit 0 7 bit 0 7 bit 0 full rows
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| ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
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| .42. .421 .4.. .4.1 ..2. ..21 .... ...1 --\ 7654321.
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| 8..1 8... 8.21 8.2. 84.1 84.. 8421 842. --/ 89ABCDEF
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| </pre>
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| === Colors, Shades === | |
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| The "mono" WonderSwan uses eight value indices, which are converted by a global look-up table to eight of the sixteen shades the LCD can display:
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| <pre>
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| Palette Global shade LUT
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| 1 ===========> 2 ==========================> 5
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| ^ (0, 2, 4, 6) ^ (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15) ^
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| Tile pixel Value Displayed shade
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| </pre>
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| In "color" mode, the WonderSwan instead loads RGB444 color values from a table in the console's internal RAM:
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| <pre>
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| 15 bit 0
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| ---- ---- ---- ----
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| .... rrrr gggg bbbb
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| |||| |||| ++++- Blue (0-15)
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| |||| ++++------ Green (0-15)
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| ++++----------- Red (0-15)
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| </pre>
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| No further processing or look-up tables are applied.
| | The window functionality can be used to restrict drawing of Screen 2's tiles, as well as the sprite layer, to a given pixel-perfect window. Individual sprites can be marked as being drawn inside or outside the window. |
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| === Palettes === | | === Palettes === |
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| The WonderSwan provides sixteen different palettes. All sixteen can be used for screens only, while the latter eight can be used for screens and sprites. In addition, the background color (for areas where no opaque pixel is drawn) can be selected arbitrarily from the color palette or from the shade LUT.
| | Each palette consists of four colors, of which the first entry - color zero - is opaque in palettes 0-3 and 8-11 and transparent otherwise. The color models additionally feature a sixteen-color palette mode, in which color zero is always considered transparent. The background color is displayed if no ''opaque'' pixel from any screens or sprites is drawn. |
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| In two bit per pixel modes, palettes 0 - 3 and 8 - 11 are ''opaque'' (color zero is opaque, four distinct colors are usable), while palettes 4 - 7 and 12 - 15 are ''translucent'' (color zero is transparent, three distinct colors are usable). This applies in both mono and color modes.
| | === Icons === |
| | |
| In four bit per pixel modes, every palette is ''translucent'' (color zero is transparent, fifteen distinct colors are usable). The first entry of each palette can be used only for the background color.
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| Palettes 8-15 are also referred to as sprite palettes 0-7.
| | In addition, a set of LCD segment-based icons is provided to a side of the display which can be independently controlled as an indicator to the user. |
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| === Screens === | | == Interrupts == |
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| The WonderSwan can display up to two distinct 32x32 screens. These consist of 1024 two-byte cells: | | The display circuit generates two interrupts of its own: |
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| <pre> | | * Display Interrupt Line Match - when <code>Display Current Line</code> == <code>Display Interrupt Line</code>, at the beginning of said line. |
| 15 bit 0
| | * Display Vertical Blank - when <code>Display Current Line</code> == <code>144</code>, at the beginning of said line. |
| ---- ---- ---- ---- | |
| vhbp pppt tttt tttt
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| |||| |||+-++++-++++- Tile index (0-511)
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| |||+-+++------------ Palette (0-15)
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| ||+----------------- Tile bank (0-1) - color only
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| |+------------------ Horizontal flip
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| +------------------- Vertical flip
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| </pre> | |
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| === Sprites ===
| | It also provides a timing source for the two Horizontal and Vertical Blank [[Timers]], which provide their own respective interrupts. |
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| The WonderSwan can display up to 128 sprites, with a limit of 32 visible sprites per line.
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| These are stored in a sprite table in RAM, which consists of up to 128 four-byte entries:
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| <pre>
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| 31 bit 0
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| ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
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| xxxx xxxx yyyy yyyy vhPi pppt tttt tttt
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| |||| |||| |||| |||| |||| |||+-++++-++++- Tile index (0-511) - only bank 0
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| |||| |||| |||| |||| |||| +++------------ Palette (0-7) - mapped to screen palettes 8-15
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| |||| |||| |||| |||| |||+---------------- Window location - 0 = inside, 1 = outside
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| |||| |||| |||| |||| ||+----------------- Priority - 0 = behind Screen 2, 1 = in front of Screen 2
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| |||| |||| |||| |||| |+------------------ Horizontal flip
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| |||| |||| |||| |||| +------------------- Vertical flip
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| |||| |||| ++++-++++----------------------- Y coordinate
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| ++++-++++--------------------------------- X coordinate
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| </pre>
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| === Windows ===
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| Screen 2 and the sprite layer can optionally be restricted to a specific window.
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| In addition, one can control if a given element is rendered inside or outside that window. For Screen 2, this is controlled globally; for sprites, this is controlled per-sprite.
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| === Icons ===
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| Finally, the WonderSwan features six LCD segment icons which are displayed to the right<sup>(color)</sup> or below<sup>(mono)</sup> the main display. These are, as follows:
| | == More information == |
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| * Aux 3 - large circle, | | * [[Display/Tile Data|Tile data]] |
| * Aux 2 - medium circle, | | * [[Display/Palette|Color palette]] |
| * Aux 1 - small circle, | | * [[Display/Screens|Screen format]] |
| * Horizontal orientation, | | * [[Display/Sprites|Sprite format]] |
| * Vertical orientation, | | * [[Display/Windows|Windows]] |
| * Sleep. | | * [[Display/LCD Icons|LCD icons]] |
| | * [[Display/IO Ports|I/O ports]] |
The WonderSwan features a 224x144 display capable of displaying up to 16 shades of gray (mono) or 4096 colors (color).
| ↑ Front ↑
|
Window
|
Scroll
|
| Sprites, high priority
|
✔
|
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| Screen 2
|
✔
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✔
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| Sprites, low priority
|
✔
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| Screen 1
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✔
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| Background color
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| ↑ Back ↑
|
Window
|
Scroll
|
Features
Screens
Screens are 32x32 tile maps, for a total of 256x256 pixels; each map entry can use one of 512 (mono) or 1024 (color) tiles, one of sixteen distinct palettes, as well as be drawn mirrored or flipped. The screens can be scrolled horizontally and vertically.
Sprites
The sprite layer consists of 128 distinct sprites. These can use any of the first 512 tiles, palettes 8 through 15, as well as be drawn over or under screen 2.
Each scanline can display up to 32 sprites at a time; these will be the first 32 sprites found on the list for the given scanline. Sprites are then drawn in order from last to first.
Windows
The window functionality can be used to restrict drawing of Screen 2's tiles, as well as the sprite layer, to a given pixel-perfect window. Individual sprites can be marked as being drawn inside or outside the window.
Palettes
Each palette consists of four colors, of which the first entry - color zero - is opaque in palettes 0-3 and 8-11 and transparent otherwise. The color models additionally feature a sixteen-color palette mode, in which color zero is always considered transparent. The background color is displayed if no opaque pixel from any screens or sprites is drawn.
Icons
In addition, a set of LCD segment-based icons is provided to a side of the display which can be independently controlled as an indicator to the user.
Interrupts
The display circuit generates two interrupts of its own:
- Display Interrupt Line Match - when
Display Current Line == Display Interrupt Line, at the beginning of said line.
- Display Vertical Blank - when
Display Current Line == 144, at the beginning of said line.
It also provides a timing source for the two Horizontal and Vertical Blank Timers, which provide their own respective interrupts.
More information
